Change of clothes in a backpack

If Goldstone wants to do something useful… perhaps he should visit China…

November 12, 2009 · Leave a Comment

BEIJING, China (CNN) — Chinese authorities should abolish secret jails used to unlawfully detain citizens who travel to the capital and other major cities to file complaints, Human Rights Watch says.

For the past six years, citizens have been held without communication in so-called black jails, often located in state-owned hotels, nursing homes and psychiatric hospitals, according to a new report from the human rights group.

Most of the detainees are from rural areas and travel to major cities to submit grievances at petitions and appeals offices, which address cases without going to court, Human Rights Watch said.

Government officials and security forces often beat, abuse, threaten and intimidate the detainees to ensure that their complaints do not draw attention, according to the report.

“The existence of black jails in the heart of Beijing makes a mockery of the Chinese government’s rhetoric on improving human rights and respecting the rule of law,” said Sophie Richardson, Asia advocacy director of Human Rights Watch.

“The government should move swiftly to close these facilities, investigate those running them and provide assistance to those abused in them.”

China has repeatedly denied the existence of secret jails, and the ministry of foreign affairs reiterated that stance Thursday.

“I’m not sure what evidence the report of Human Rights Watch is based on,” the office said in a statement. “However, I can tell you that there is no such black jails in China.”

The judicial system will deal with relevant cases, the ministry said.

“If there is any suggestion or complaint from Chinese people toward our government, they can appeal to relevant departments through normal and legal channels, and their legitimate rights will be protected.”

But the rights group said the jails are becoming more popular because officials are penalized if too many grievances come from their jurisdictions. Areas with fewer complaints are rewarded, it said.

In the report, titled, “An Alleyway in Hell,” the group said it had interviewed 38 people who have been detained in the facilities.

The detainees include people under 18, which violates China’s commitments to children’s rights, Human Rights Watch said.

A 15-year-old told the group she was seized in Beijing while petitioning on behalf of her crippled father, who was subjected to beatings at his nursing home.

“To visit these kinds of abuses on citizens, who have already been failed repeatedly by the legal system, is the height of hypocrisy,” Richardson said.

The New York-based organization urged the U.S. president to address human rights issues during his trip to Asia, which starts Thursday and will include a stop in China.

“President Barack Obama has spoken forcefully about the importance of defending human rights globally,” said Kenneth Roth, executive director of Human Rights Watch. ” … The test now is whether he will do so in a country where the government remains profoundly hostile to these concepts.”

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Shannon Reed and Alex Iosevich wedding on October 3, 2009

November 3, 2009 · 1 Comment

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Joshua and Nathan have a dog!

October 19, 2009 · Leave a Comment

Today was truly a wonderful day! More than a year ago, Shannon and I promised Joshua and Nathan that we are going to get them a dog and a cat. Today we were able to carry out one half of this promise. We got a beautiful cocker spaniel and Joshua and Nathan named him Mason!

The story of how this dog fell into our laps, so to speak, is quite cute and sad at the same time. Debbie, Shannon’s mom, saw Mason along the side of the country road she was driving on a few days ago. The dog was obviously house broken and looked very sad and ragged. Debbie decided to take him in for a few days in hope that someone would take him. Shannon and I loved the idea immediately and when we saw the dog, we knew for sure. Now, for the first time in my life and first the first time in Joshua and Nathan’s lives, we have a dog! And he is precious!

Here are some pictures…

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Benjamin Netanyahu’s speech to the United Nations

September 26, 2009 · Leave a Comment

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen…

Nearly 62 years ago, the United Nations recognized the right of the Jews, an ancient people 3,500 years-old, to a state of their own in their ancestral homeland. I stand here today as the Prime Minister of Israel, the Jewish state, and I speak to you on behalf of my country and my people.

The United Nations was founded after the carnage of World War II and the horrors of the Holocaust.  It was charged with preventing the recurrence of such horrendous events.  Nothing has undermined that central mission more than the systematic assault on the truth.

Yesterday the President of Iran stood at this very podium, spewing his latest anti-Semitic rants.  Just a few days earlier, he again claimed that the Holocaust is a lie. 

Last month, I went to a villa in a suburb of Berlin called Wannsee.  There, on January 20, 1942, after a hearty meal, senior Nazi officials met and decided how to exterminate the Jewish people.  The detailed minutes of that meeting have been preserved by successive German governments.  

Here is a copy of those minutes, in which the Nazis issued precise instructions on how to carry out the extermination of the Jews.   Is this a lie?

A day before I was in Wannsee, I was given in Berlin the original construction plans for the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.  Those plans are signed by Hitler’s deputy, Heinrich Himmler himself.  Here is a copy of the plans for Auschwitz-Birkenau, where one million Jews were murdered.  Is this too a lie?

This June, President Obama visited the Buchenwald concentration camp.  Did President Obama pay tribute to a lie? And what of the Auschwitz survivors whose arms still bear the tattooed numbers branded on them by the Nazis? Are those tattoos a lie?  

One-third of all Jews perished in the conflagration.  Nearly every Jewish family was affected, including my own.  My wife’s grandparents, her father’s two sisters and three brothers, and all the aunts, uncles and cousins were all murdered by the Nazis.  Is that also a lie?  
Yesterday, the man who calls the Holocaust a lie spoke from this podium.  To those who refused to come here and to those who left this room in protest, I commend you.  You stood up for moral clarity and you brought honor to your countries.

But to those who gave this Holocaust-denier a hearing, I say on behalf of my people, the Jewish people, and decent people everywhere: Have you no shame?  Have you no decency?  A mere six decades after the Holocaust, you give legitimacy to a man who denies that the murder of six million Jews took place and pledges to wipe out the Jewish state. What a disgrace!  What a mockery of the charter of the United Nations!  

Perhaps some of you think that this man and his odious regime threaten only the Jews.  You’re wrong.  History has shown us time and again that what starts with attacks on the Jews eventually ends up engulfing many others.

This Iranian regime is fueled by an extreme fundamentalism that burst onto the world scene three decades ago after lying dormant for centuries.  

In the past thirty years, this fanaticism has swept the globe with a murderous violence and cold-blooded impartiality in its choice of victims.   It has callously slaughtered Moslems and Christians, Jews and Hindus, and many others.  Though it is comprised of different offshoots, the adherents of this unforgiving creed seek to return humanity to medieval times. Wherever they can, they impose a backward regimented society where women, minorities, gays or anyone not deemed to be a true believer is brutally subjugated.

The struggle against this fanaticism does not pit faith against faith nor civilization against civilization.  It pits civilization against barbarism, the 21st century against the 9th century, those who sanctify life against those who glorify death. The primitivism of the 9th century ought to be no match for the progress of the 21st century.  The allure of freedom, the power of technology, the reach of communications should surely win the day.   

Ultimately, the past cannot triumph over the future.  And the future offers all nations magnificent bounties of hope.   The pace of progress is growing exponentially.  It took us centuries to get from the printing press to the telephone, decades to get from the telephone to the personal computer, and only a few years to get from the personal computer to the internet.   

What seemed impossible a few years ago is already outdated, and we can scarcely fathom the changes that are yet to come. We will crack the genetic code.  We will cure the incurable.  We will lengthen our lives.  We will find a cheap alternative to fossil fuels and clean up the planet.    

I am proud that my country Israel is at the forefront of these advances – by leading innovations in science and technology, medicine and biology, agriculture and water, energy and the environment.  These innovations the world over offer humanity a sunlit future of unimagined promise.

But if the most primitive fanaticism can acquire the most deadly weapons, the march of history could be reversed for a time.   And like the belated victory over the Nazis, the forces of progress and freedom will prevail only after a horrific toll of blood and fortune has been exacted from mankind. 

That is why the greatest threat facing the world today is the marriage between religious fanaticism and the weapons of mass destruction, and the most urgent challenge facing this body is to prevent the tyrants of Tehran from acquiring nuclear weapons. 

Are the member states of the United Nations up to that challenge?  Will the international community confront a despotism that terrorizes its own people as they bravely stand up for freedom? 

Will it take action against the dictators who stole an election in broad daylight and gunned down Iranian protesters who died in the streets choking in their own blood? Will the international community thwart the world’s most pernicious sponsors and practitioners of terrorism? Above all, will the international community stop the terrorist regime of Iran from developing atomic weapons, thereby endangering the peace of the entire world?

The people of Iran are courageously standing up to this regime.  People of goodwill around the world stand with them, as do the thousands who have been protesting outside this hall.   Will the United Nations stand by their side?

adies and Gentlemen, the jury is still out on the United Nations, and recent signs are not encouraging.  Rather than condemning the terrorists and their Iranian patrons, some here have condemned their victims.  That is exactly what a recent UN report on Gaza did, falsely equating the terrorists with those they targeted. 

For eight long years, Hamas fired from Gaza thousands of missiles, mortars and rockets on nearby Israeli cities.   Year after year, as these missiles were deliberately hurled at our civilians, not a single UN resolution was passed condemning those criminal attacks. 

We heard nothing – absolutely nothing – from the UN Human Rights Council, a misnamed institution if there ever was one.  In 2005, hoping to advance peace, Israel unilaterally withdrew from every inch of Gaza.  It dismantled 21 settlements and uprooted over 8,000 Israelis.  We didn’t get peace.  Instead we got an Iranian backed terror base fifty miles from Tel Aviv.   Life in Israeli towns and cities next to Gaza became a nightmare.

You see, the Hamas rocket attacks not only continued, they increased tenfold. Again, the UN was silent. Finally, after eight years of this unremitting assault, Israel was finally forced to respond.  But how should we have responded?  Well, there is only one example in history of thousands of rockets being fired on a country’s civilian population.  It happened when the Nazis rocketed British cities during World War II.

During that war, the allies leveled German cities, causing hundreds of thousands of casualties.   Israel chose to respond differently.  Faced with an enemy committing a double war crime of firing on civilians while hiding behind civilians – Israel sought to conduct surgical strikes against the rocket launchers. 

That was no easy task because the terrorists were firing missiles from homes and schools, using mosques as weapons depots and ferreting explosives in ambulances. Israel, by contrast, tried to minimize casualties by urging Palestinian civilians to vacate the targeted areas.  We dropped countless flyers over their homes, sent thousands of text messages and called thousands of cell phones asking people to leave. 

Never has a country gone to such extraordinary lengths to remove the enemy’s civilian population from harm’s way.   Yet faced with such a clear case of aggressor and victim, who did the UN Human Rights Council decide to condemn? Israel.  A democracy legitimately defending itself against terror is morally hanged, drawn and quartered, and given an unfair trial to boot. 

By these twisted standards, the UN Human Rights Council would have dragged Roosevelt and Churchill to the dock as war criminals.  What a perversion of truth!  What a perversion of justice!
Delegates of the United Nations, will you accept this farce?    Because if you do, the United Nations would revert to its darkest days, when the worst violators of human rights sat in judgment against the law-abiding democracies, when Zionism was equated with racism and when an automatic majority could declare that the earth is flat.

If this body does not reject this report, it would send a message to terrorists everywhere: Terror pays; if you launch your attacks from densely populated areas, you will win immunity. And in condemning Israel, this body would also deal a mortal blow to peace.  Here’s why.  When Israel left Gaza, many hoped that the missile attacks would stop.  Others believed that at the very least, Israel would have international legitimacy to exercise its right of self-defense.  

What legitimacy?  What self-defense?  

The same UN that cheered Israel as it left Gaza and promised to back our right of self-defense now accuses us –my people, my country – of war crimes?  And for what?  For acting responsibly in self-defense.  What a travesty!

Israel justly defended itself against terror.  This biased and unjust report is a clear-cut test for all governments.   Will you stand with Israel or will you stand with the terrorists?  We must know the answer to that question now.   Now and not later.  Because if Israel is again asked to take more risks for peace, we must know today that you will stand with us tomorrow.  Only if we have the confidence that we can defend ourselves can we take further risks for peace.

Ladies and Gentlemen, all of Israel wants peace.   Any time an Arab leader genuinely wanted peace with us, we made peace.   We made peace with Egypt led by Anwar Sadat.  We made peace with Jordan led by King Hussein. And if the Palestinians truly want peace, I and my government, and the people of Israel, will make peace.  But we want a genuine peace, a defensible peace, a permanent peace.

In 1947, this body voted to establish two states for two peoples – a Jewish state and an Arab state.  The Jews accepted that resolution.  The Arabs rejected it.   We ask the Palestinians to finally do what they have refused to do for 62 years:  Say yes to a Jewish state.  

Just as we are asked to recognize a nation-state for the Palestinian people, the Palestinians must be asked to recognize the nation state of the Jewish people.   The Jewish people are not foreign conquerors in the Land of Israel.   This is the land of our forefathers.

Inscribed on the walls outside this building is the great Biblical vision of peace: “Nation shall not lift up sword against nation.  They shall learn war no more.”   These words were spoken by the Jewish prophet Isaiah 2,800 years ago as he walked in my country, in my city – in the hills of Judea and in the streets of Jerusalem.   We are not strangers to this land.  It is our homeland.

As deeply connected as we are to this land, we recognize that the Palestinians also live there and want a home of their own.   We want to live side by side with them, two free peoples living in peace, prosperity and dignity. But we must have security.  The Palestinians should have all the powers to govern themselves except those handful of powers that could endanger Israel.  

That is why a Palestinian state must be effectively demilitarized.   We don’t want another Gaza, another Iranian backed terror base abutting Jerusalem and perched on the hills a few kilometers from Tel Aviv. 

We want peace.

I believe such a peace can be achieved.  But only if we roll back the forces of terror, led by Iran, that seek to destroy peace, eliminate Israel and overthrow the world order. The question facing the international community is whether it is prepared to confront those forces or accommodate them.

Over seventy years ago, Winston Churchill lamented what he called the “confirmed unteachability of mankind,” the unfortunate habit of civilized societies to sleep until danger nearly overtakes them.

Churchill bemoaned what he called the “want of foresight, the unwillingness to act when action will be simple and effective, the lack of clear thinking, the confusion of counsel until emergency comes, until self-preservation strikes its jarring gong.”

I speak here today in the hope that Churchill’s assessment of the “unteachability of mankind” is for once proven wrong.   I speak here today in the hope that we can learn from history — that we can prevent danger in time. 

In the spirit of the timeless words spoken to Joshua over 3,000 years ago, let us be strong and of good courage.  Let us confront this peril, secure our future and, God willing, forge an enduring peace for generations to come.

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Misha Rudnev’s translation of Gumilev

August 28, 2009 · 2 Comments

I have always been blessed with very talented friends. An excellent example of this phenomenon is Misha Rudnev. In addition to being an excellent mathematician, amateur comedian and a spectacular drinking buddy, Misha is a talented writer. Enclosed below is his first rate translation of a beautiful poem by Gumilev, entitled “Giraffe”:

Сегодня, я вижу, особенно грустен твой взгляд,
И руки особенно тонки, колени обняв.
Послушай: далеко, далеко, на озере Чад
Изысканный бродит жираф.

Ему грациозная стройность и нега дана,
И шкуру его украшает волшебный узор,
С которым равняться осмелится только луна,
Дробясь и качаясь на влаге широких озер.

Вдали он подобен цветным парусам корабля,
И бег его плавен, как радостный птичий полет.
Я знаю, что много чудесного видит земля,
Когда на закате он прячется в мраморный грот.

Я знаю веселые сказки таинственных стран
Про черную деву, про страсть молодого вождя,
Но ты слишком долго вдыхала тяжелый туман,
Ты верить не хочешь во что-нибудь, кроме дождя.

И как я тебе расскажу про тропический сад,
Про стройные пальмы, про запах немыслимых трав…
Ты плачешь? Послушай… далеко, на озере Чад
Изысканный бродит жираф.

And here is Misha’s translation:

Your eyes look at me with especial sadness today,

Your arms give the knees an especially fragile embrace.

Now listen, along Lake Chad’s shore, far away,

An exquisite giraffe makes its pace.

*

He’s gracefully slender, with heavenly joy he is blessed,

His skin is adorned with a pattern of magic design.

To match it — the Moon alone only would dare contest

Diffusing and twisting the lake’s misty line.

*

From afar he resembles a galleon’s colourful sail,

His stride is so smooth as a bird in rapturous flight.

I know that the Earth watches wondrous marvels unveil,

As he retreats into a marble cave by night.

*

I know merry tales of mysterious faraway climes:

About an ebony girl, a bewitched and youthful chieftain,

But you’ve breathed this fog in for too long a time

You don’t wish to trust anything, but the rain.

*

And how can I render that tropical garden display

The scent of unthinkable herbs, slim palms’ grace

You’re crying? … Then listen, along Lake Chad’s shore, far away,

An exquisite giraffe makes its pace.





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Boone County Courthouse

August 15, 2009 · 1 Comment

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Erdos distance problem book is finally done… more or less…

August 14, 2009 · 1 Comment

After about three years of on and off writing, Julia Garibaldi, Steven Senger and I finally appear to have finished our book on the Erdos Distance Problem. The basic problem discussed in the book, one I have been studying for a long time, is the number of distances determined by a finite point set in the Euclidean space. It is conjectured that the number of distances determined by N points in d-dimensional space (d \ge 2) is at least CN^{\frac{2}{d}}. The conjecture is far from being resolved in spite of spectacular efforts by numerous top notch mathematicians. The current world record is due to Katz and Tardos in dimension two, building upon a previous breakthrough by Solymosi and Toth. The world record in higher dimensions is due to Solymosi and Vu, for Euclidean metrics, and to Iosevich and Rudnev for more general metrics. 

The book is essentially self-contained, except for the two chapters in the end where classical bounds on Kloosterman sums and the method of stationary phase are assumed. The purpose of these chapters is to give the reader a taste of the range and applicability of the concepts in the book and Erdos combinatorics in general. 

The chapter in the book that is likely to lead to much activity in the next coming weeks and month is the one on dot products. For the moment, we show how to obtain the exponent \frac{2}{3} in general, and stronger exponents for more restricted point sets. However, we believe that it should be possible to push beyond \frac{2}{3} and we are currently pursuing a strategy that should allow this to happen. This activity breathed much life into the final stages of the writing of this book!

The vast majority of this book is perfectly suitable for a motivated high school student. In the past, I have run several summer programs for high school students organized around subject matters related to the Erdos Distance Problem and its variants. While I am not running such a program this year, I will almost certainly do so in the future. 

Selected chapters from the book will soon be posted on my web page at http://www.math.missouri.edu/~iosevich

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Sausage/vegetable stew ala Alex

July 20, 2009 · Leave a Comment

Several of my friends have recently expressed interest in my sausage/vegetable stew, so here is the basic description. 

Sausage/vegetable stew:

You will need four heads of garlic, one yellow onion, one large sweet potato, five large carrots, sausage and whatever spices you have handy. 

Chop up the onion and saute it in olive oil in a stew pot. About two minutes later, add lots of garlic, cut into fairly large pieces and pieces of whatever raw sausage you particularly enjoy. I would recommend spicy Italian sausage, but there are many possibilities. About two minutes after that add sweet potatoes cut into little cubes. At the same time, add two beef bouillon cubes and mix them in well. In another stew pot, saute your carrots in olive oil and some red wine. About five minutes into the process, add lots of garlic into that pot as well. Add one bouillon cube and mix it in. Keep both pots at medium heat. 

When the carrots begin to soften slightly, put the ingredients of the pot they are in into the other pot, mix well and cook the resulting mixture until the desired degree of tenderness is achieved. A few minutes before you turning off the heat, add basil, ginger powder and garlic powder to taste. Serve with white or brown rice.

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Kiev names street after mass-murderer of Jews by Ofri Ilani

July 17, 2009 · Leave a Comment

 On May 25, 1926, Symon Petliura was shot to death while walking down a street in Paris. He was then president-in-exile of the Ukrainian republic that had briefly existed as an independent state before the Soviet Union overran it in 1919. His assassin was Sholom Schwartzbard, a Jewish poet and revolutionary. “I killed a mass murderer,” Schwartzbard told the police after his arrest, noting that over 400 brutal pogroms had killed thousands of Ukrainian Jews during just a few months of Petliura’s brief reign.

But if Petliura still holds a special place in Jewish history as one of the modern era’s greatest persecutors of Jews, many Ukrainians view him as a hero, the man who raised the battle of Ukrainian nationalism against the Communists. Many also claim that he opposed the pogroms. Last month, therefore, the Kiev city council voted to rename one of the Ukrainian capital’s main streets, Comintern St., for Petliura. The move is only one of many aimed at honoring Petliura on the 130th anniversary of his birth. Hagiographic biographies are on sale at booths throughout Kiev; youth groups are holding rallies and marches in his memory; several cities are erecting statues in his honor.

Nor is the Petliura craze unique: Ever since Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko took office, he has spearheaded a controversial campaign to deepen his countrymen’s national identity, including by glorifying Ukrainian heroes. It is just too bad that most of these heroes were also murderous anti-Semites – among them Bogdan Chmielnicki, hero of the 17th-century Cossack revolt, whose followers slaughtered tens of thousands of Jews. Another is the anti-Bolshevik officer Roman Shukhevych, whom Yushchenko declared a “hero of Ukraine” two years ago. Shukhevych collaborated with the Nazis and was responsible for multiple mass murders of Ukrainian Jews.

The Israeli embassy has not commented on the Petliura celebrations, and the Ukrainian Jewish community is already inured to such events. “Instead of dealing with the country’s serious situation, Yushchenko focuses on the past,” said one senior community official, who asked not to be named. “He sees himself as a savior, the reviver of the Ukrainian nation, and grants hero status to murderers of Jews.

What arouses consternation is that this is happening under a pro-Western president, whose election generated such great hopes.” To Yushchenko’s right are several nationalist parties that are even more extreme. Their leaders make blatantly anti-Semitic statements without fear, and vie with each other over who can sound the more nationalist and populist. A few weeks ago, for instance, the Svoboda party sued Kiev’s Jewish deputy mayor, Yevgeny Chervonenko, for humiliating the Ukrainian nation because he said in a television interview that he “enjoys riding Ukraine” – the reference being to his horse, which he named Ukraine. All this is occurring at a time of economic crisis – international observers consider Ukraine the country most likely to collapse due to the current global crisis – and governmental paralysis: Over the past half year, Ukraine’s finance, defense, foreign and transportation ministers have all resigned, and have yet to be replaced.

Though many Ukrainians sympathize with Yushchenko’s national identity campaign, the twin crises have brought his popularity to an all-time low, and he is considered to have no chance of winning another term. As for Schwartzbard, who died in 1938 after being acquitted of murder in France, his remains were transferred to Israel in 1967, at his request, and he was reburied with a state funeral. And a few years ago, Be’er Sheva named a street in his honor.


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French priest interviews Hitler’s willing executioners in Ukraine

July 11, 2009 · Leave a Comment

Article by Cnaan Liphshiz in Haaretz: 

A horrific page of history unfolded last Monday in Ukraine. It concerned the gruesome and untold story of a spontaneous pogrom by local villagers against hundreds of Jews in a town south of Ternopil in 1941. 
Not one, but five independent witnesses recounted the tale, recalling how they rushed to a German army camp, borrowed weapons and gunned down 500 Jews inside the town’s Christian cemetery. One of them remembered decapitating bodies in front of the church. 

The man heading the research that led to this discovery discussed it in Israel last week; Father Patrick Desbois was in Pope Benedict XVI’s entourage. 

Desbois is a French Roman Catholic priest. His team has been investigating mass executions in the former Soviet Union during the Holocaust for more than six years. In 2004, he founded Yahad-In Unum, a Paris-based organization devoted to Christian-Jewish understanding. 

Oral testimonies from these events in Ukraine and Belarus are but a part of Desbois’ research. Using metal detectors, his team uncovers German-made cartridges and bullets as well as victims’ jewelry from killing pits. The findings are transferred to an archive in Paris, where the testimonies are translated. 

Earlier this year, Desbois helped start the first Holocaust masters program at the Sorbonne, focusing on the extermination in the former Soviet Union. 

To Desbois, there are two holocausts: a western one and an eastern one. The western holocaust was more organized, whereas the eastern one, “the one that happened away from Berlin,” was chaotic, decentralized and undocumented. 

“German officers wanted to appear efficient, so they documented one mass grave and declared the place judenfrei. In reality, the killings went on for years,” he says. “The only way of documenting these [other] graves is asking the locals. Time’s running out, and we’re the only organization on the ground there.” 

The Ternopil story is not unusual because of its extreme cruelty but because it’s so rare for perpetrators to openly admit playing a voluntary role. Most stories Desbois hears are from people who claim that the Germans forced them to take part in executions. “[Securing testimony from five participants in] a pogrom is a historic achievement,” Desbois told Haaretz. 

He notes how “we couldn’t have achieved this a few years ago. We didn’t have the skill.” He says his team’s success reflects the ability to keep a poker face. 

“If I react with shock, it’s all over,” he explains. “Often I don’t react at all to what the witnesses say. I just give them an interested expression and ask very technical questions about where they stood, where the victims lay, the time of day. I keep them talking and it pours out.” 

Desbois’ full-time, nine-member team includes a cameraman who films the testimonies, while the others listen to stories of murder and human degradation. 

But sometimes the poker face cracks, he says. For instance, when one woman described how her mother would “finish off” wounded Jews with a shovel blow to the head before burying them. “My team started to react, so I kept her talking, asking in a matter-of-fact way how exactly her mother would administer the blows.” 

Often with local help, the Germans killed nearly 1.5 million Jews in Ukraine after their invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Most of that history has gone untold. Unlike in Poland, where Jews were killed in death camps, in the Soviet Union most were mowed down and dumped into open mass graves in woodlands. 

“I understand those who ask if Ukrainians and Poles were willing allies in the extermination of Jews,” he says. “But I don’t ask myself that, since most people I interview were children at the time. I’m only concerned with reconstructing the crime and knowing where the bodies are.” 

Desbois says one of his most surprising discoveries is institutionalized sexual slavery. In several interviews, he found witnesses who said German soldiers would set up houses in ghettos where they raped Jewish women. The Germans and their accomplices usually executed the women near the end of the war. 

This discovery challenged perceptions that ideologically-motivated Germans would not sexually exploit a member of what the Nazis termed an inferior race.

Such accomplishments landed Desbois an honorary doctorate last week from Bar-Ilan University. 

He says he arrives at a small town with five researchers and an interpreter. One approaches elderly people, who often lead the team to unmarked mass graves. 

He began working in Ukraine in 2002, when he traveled to the village of Rava-Ruska. He went there in the footsteps of his paternal grandfather, who was deported to a prison camp for French soldiers. 

Having researched the fate of French prisoners, Desbois discovered that 10,000 Jews had been killed at Rava-Ruska, but the town’s mayor said he knew nothing. 

So far, Desbois’ organization has interviewed nearly 1,000 witnesses. His team has dug up mass graves only in one locale, at the request of the French Jewish community: “We do not uncover graves because of Jewish religious restrictions.” 

For the witnesses, the return to the killing ground is often the first time back in decades. “There, they recall more details,” Desbois says. “Where the Germans stood, where this or that family was gunned down, a woman who couldn’t walk and was dragged to the killing pit, or a woman who wouldn’t take her clothes off.” 

Debois says easterners are more eager to talk about the Holocaust than westerners. “People in Ukraine want to talk. They wait on benches to be interviewed and filmed. They take us to grave sites, they welcome us into their homes – homes that used to belong to Jews,” he says. “Imagine what would happen if I went around churches in Munich asking people if they helped kill Jews?” 

According to Father Patrick Desbois, the disappointment with the pope’s speech at Yad Vashem -which officials at the memorial authority described as “lacking compassion” and “too general” – stems from a misunderstanding of the Holy See. 

“People were expecting another Pope John Paul II. But Benedict is very different,” Desbois says. After teaching mathematics as a French government employee in West Africa and working in Calcutta for three months with Mother Teresa, Desbois joined the priesthood. His secular family was horrified. 

When he first began researching the extermination of Jews in the former Soviet Union, he preferred to keep it a secret for a long time. “A priest, a goy, a Catholic who does what I do…. I was afraid people would call me a fool,” he says.

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